published peer reviewed: Reduced iron induced nitric oxide and nitrous oxide emission #yam

M.J. Kampschreur, R. Kleerebezem, W.W. de Vet and M.C. van Loosdrecht recently published ‘Reduced iron induced nitric oxide and nitrous oxide emission’ in: Water Research (2011) DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2011.08.056

           

Abstract

Formation of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide in water treatment systems is predominantly studied as a biological phenomenon. There are indications that also chemical processes contribute to these emissions. Here we studied the formation of nitric oxide (NO) and nitrous oxide (N(2)O) due to chemical nitrite reduction by ferrous iron (Fe(II)). Reduction of nitrite and NO coupled to Fe(II) oxidation was studied in laboratory-scale chemical experiments at different pH, nitrite and iron concentrations. The continuous measurement of both NO and N(2)O emission showed that nitrite reduction and NO reduction have different kinetics. Nitrite reduction shows a linear dependency on the nitrite concentration, implying first order kinetics in nitrite. The nitrite reduction seems to be an equilibrium based reaction, leading to a constant NO concentration in the liquid. The NO reduction rate is suggested to be most dependent on reactive surface availability and the sorption of Fe(II) to the reactive surface. The importance of emission of NO and N(2)O coupled to iron oxidation is exemplified by iron reduction experiments and several examples of environments where this pathway can play a role. More >>

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KWR peer reviewed: Consumer-inclusive innovation strategies for the Dutch water supply Sector: opportunities for more sustainable products and services

Recentelijk publiceerden Hegger D.L.T., Spaargaren G., Vliet B.J.M. van, Frijns J. in: NJAS - Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences (2010) doi:10.1016/j.njas.2010.10.001

Abstract
This article reflects on the consequences of contemporary shifts in the relationships between water utilities, their competitors and domestic end users. Such changing relations come along with the development of new more sustainable products and services. By distinguishing between ‘upstream’ vs. ‘downstream’ and ‘core’ vs. ‘non-core’ innovations in water supply, a conceptual tool was developed and applied to analyse innovations in the Dutch water supply sector both from a provider and a consumer perspective. To assess the role of (eco)innovations in the Dutch water supply sector, the paper reviews current trends in water consumption; consumers’ perception of water services and contemporary innovation strategies of water supply companies. Based on focus group discussions with both water professionals and water consumers, new roles and products for Dutch water supply companies were identified. It was shown that there are fits as well as misfits in the ways in which providers and consumers tend to look at the future of sustainable water supply. Knowing about and relating to consumer preference and practices can be instrumental for water providers when developing new products, services, images and roles.

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